Knee replacement surgery is one of the most common and effective treatments for severe arthritis and knee damage. Many patients experience lasting pain relief and better mobility, but in some cases, implants may fail. Knowing the early warning signs is essential, as timely care can protect the joint, reduce pain, and restore movement.
At Indiana Orthopedic, Dr. Timothy J. Williams, a board-certified, Harvard-trained orthopedic surgeon with over 20 years of experience, specializes in primary and revision hip and knee replacement surgery. With offices in Noblesville and Terre Haute, we help patients across Indiana manage joint pain, recover mobility, and return to an active lifestyle. If you’re concerned about your knee replacement, our team is here to guide you every step of the way.
In this article, we’ll explore how to recognize the warning signs of knee implant failure, what causes it, and how revision surgery can help restore your quality of life.
Understanding Knee Replacement Surgery
Knee replacement, also called total knee arthroplasty, is designed to replace damaged bone and cartilage with a medical-grade implant. Most knee replacements last 15–20 years or longer, especially with modern materials and surgical techniques.
However, no implant is permanent. Over time, implants may loosen, wear down, or develop complications. Knowing what to watch for can help you act before symptoms worsen.
Common Signs of Implant Failure After Knee Replacement
1. Persistent or Increasing Pain
Some discomfort is normal after surgery, but pain that worsens months or years later may indicate implant loosening, instability, or infection. Unlike early post-op soreness, this pain often feels deep and limits daily activities.
2. Swelling That Doesn’t Improve
Swelling after exercise is expected, but chronic swelling may signal infection, fluid buildup, or an inflammatory response around the implant.
3. Reduced Range of Motion
If your knee becomes stiff, locked, or feels “stuck,” scar tissue buildup (arthrofibrosis) or implant problems may be restricting movement.
4. Instability or Giving Way
A healthy knee replacement should feel stable. If your knee shifts, wobbles, or feels unstable, it could mean the implant is misaligned or loose.
5. Clicking, Grinding, or Popping Sounds
While occasional noises can be harmless, new or worsening mechanical sounds may suggest implant wear or bone-implant friction.
6. Visible Changes in Alignment
If your leg begins to look bowed or angled differently, the implant may have shifted, requiring evaluation.
7. Recurring Infections Around the Knee
Infection is a serious complication. Symptoms may include redness, warmth, drainage, and fever. Left untreated, infection can damage both bone and implant.
Why Knee Implants Fail
Several factors contribute to implant failure:
Implant wear and tear – Long-term use can gradually erode materials.
Loosening – Bone loss around the implant can reduce stability.
Infection – Even years later, infection may develop and compromise the implant.
Scar tissue and stiffness – Excessive tissue buildup may limit function.
Fractures – A break around the implant may disrupt stability.
Patient factors – High activity levels, obesity, or underlying conditions like osteoporosis can increase risks.
When to Seek Medical Attention
If you experience persistent pain, swelling, instability, or fever, it’s important to contact an orthopedic specialist. Early intervention often means simpler treatments, while delayed care may require complex revision surgery.
What Is Revision Knee Replacement?
Revision surgery involves removing the old implant and replacing it with a new one. Unlike initial knee replacement, revision procedures are more complex because they address:
Bone loss or deformity
Infection treatment and removal of scar tissue
Restoring stability and function
At Indiana Orthopedic, Dr. Williams uses Enovis joint replacement systems and robotic-assisted surgery to improve precision, durability, and recovery outcomes for revision procedures.
Treatment Options Before Revision Surgery
Not every complication requires immediate revision. Depending on your condition, treatment may include:
Physical therapy to improve strength and flexibility
Anti-inflammatory medications for pain control
Joint injections to reduce inflammation
Antibiotics if infection is suspected
Your orthopedic surgeon will carefully evaluate imaging, blood tests, and your medical history before recommending the next step.
How to Protect Your Knee Replacement Long-Term
Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on the implant.
Stay active with low-impact exercises like swimming or cycling.
Follow your surgeon’s recovery plan and attend all follow-ups.
Avoid high-impact activities that may accelerate implant wear.
With proper care, many patients enjoy decades of function from their implants.
Conclusion
Recognizing the signs of implant failure early is key to protecting your mobility and avoiding further complications. If you’re experiencing persistent pain, swelling, or instability in your knee replacement, don’t delay seeking help. If you’re worried about a possible knee implant problem, getting care early can make a big difference. At Indiana Orthopedic, Dr. Timothy J. Williams specializes in knee replacement and revision surgery to help patients reduce pain and move with confidence again.
Call our Noblesville office at (317) 620-0232 or our Terre Haute office at (812) 900-7544, or request an appointment today.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does a knee replacement usually last?
Most knee replacements last 15–20 years, depending on lifestyle and health.
Is pain years after knee replacement normal?
No. Pain that increases over time should be evaluated by an orthopedic surgeon.
Can infection develop long after knee replacement?
Yes. Late infections can occur years after surgery and require urgent attention.
What tests confirm implant failure?
X-rays, CT scans, and lab work are often used to check loosening, alignment, or infection.
Is revision knee replacement successful?
Yes. While more complex than initial surgery, most patients experience reduced pain and improved mobility after revision.
